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    Kurdish Cause in the Middle East seems Positive

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    Trumpism and the wave of return to the nation-state

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    Iraqi Arab Summit; Identity problems between ethnic and religious depths

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    Smart glasses

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The appearance of fifth Wave of Terrorism

Translation Unit by Translation Unit
January 28, 2023
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This study consists of two main parts; the first part depend on historical and theoretical subjects that “David Rapoport” explained entitled “Terrorism Waves” and addressed the accurate contexts to measure their appearance and falls of diverse international terrorism. The study in the second part takes advantages from theoretical lessons of “Totalitarianism”. Rapoport before concentrates on terrorism, he used word “Waves” as serious activities in the new period, which usually in attempt to renew and spread among global countries. According to (Rapoport, 2004: 47), international terrorism in the world has experienced after “Post Westfalia” which from international concepts steps forward to global concepts.

Rapoport believed that the first wave appeared in Russia due to responses of democratic process and ruining the political system which was the prominent target of this wave that carries out through assassinations of political figures and endless attacks at public gatherings. The second wave launched in states who were under Colonialists due to targeting achieving political freedom and withdrawal of occupiers. He believed that, this wave was aimed to “national target” therefore; they took priorities to “Partisans Wars” which completely reduce the power of European states. It can call this wave as “against colonialism” and “Nationalism” wave.

The third wave occurred in the end tens of 1960; it calls “Left New” wave or “Marxist terrorism wave” until the end of 1980. Rapoport said the power and authorities of this wave progressed due to solidarity of Communist states. The fourth wave has occurred in the Middle East during the end of 1970 when “The Soviet Union” attacked on Afghanistan. The attacks of Soviet Union in Afghanistan caused to new wave of local conflicts which led to “Holy War” or “wars against unbelievers”. Rapoport believed in that this wave was the main aim to withdrawal the United States of America army in the Middle East.

In the same time, Totalitarianism is term to describe that government, groups, and leaders who hold in their mind requests of changes and control the whole communities. The form of totalitarian organizations apposite to its ideological contexts and advertising slogan is new. The positive side of this organize is can renew itself and prevent itself from failure. (Arendt 1392:147) stated that “the totalitarian government is not illegal”. Arendt has special emphasized on benefits of totalitarian movements from advertising”. He believed that this movement is not exist in empty totalitarian world, therefore, it obliged to deal with advertising and through it emerge the people’s attentions toward himself.

Finally, among the theorists of totalitarians, it can be mentioned the view of “Reinhard Konle” who belong the triumphs of some of totalitarian movements to their social statue (such as Ethnic tribal) and supports of public. Regards to this, “Arniest Nutle” refers rise these systems to the outcome of deep political and economic crisis in the liberal governance system. This study will examine the violence of Iraqi wars and signs of raising the new terrorism wave.

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Translation Unit

Translation Unit

The translation unit of Chawy Kurd center for political developments include of several expert translators from international languages who translate articles into Kurdish.

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