This considers as a project, which China intends to implement and deliver Chinese goods to the world markets in the fastest and cheapest way, this work faces a number of challenges and opportunities, although China has implemented a number of projects.
“The Structure of Chinese Society”
China is geographically, religiously and historically connected to Asia. Chinese culture influences on the world’s population because it is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and has a long history due to a fact that majority of the population of Asia are Chinese. Domestically, the Han nation contains 92 percent of the country’s population, while the rest of the country is 55 different ethnic groups and speaks several languages. Before 50 centuries, the Chinese had own state and once ruled as far as the Persian Gulf. Chinese culture is born of Confucius’ guidelines on family formation; it includes respect for the elderly, work and hard works and obedience to the ruler of the country. These advices and guidelines have since been reflected in the country’s organizations in both the private and public sectors and have become part of the views of organizations in the field of production and service delivery.
“China’s economy”
In 1979, China began to open up economically, politically and commercially. In terms of beliefs and ideology, the Communist Party’s slogans changed to socialism, a return to Confucian philosophy, emphasis on Chinese national thought, and a market economy policy occupied places such as Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. The beginning of developments began with Ding Xiaoping in 1979. He insisted on transforming the government-planned economy into a market economy, giving limited freedom to the market and full freedom of reason according to China’s characteristics, and believed the rich China is developing the Chinese economy so he was not against the accumulation of wealth by a few people in Chinese society. Because he says; Marxism pays great importance to the development of investment forces. Socialist establishment requires the development of investment forces. These reforms have helped the country to have 200 million students in education alone. In 2009, the government allocated $17.5 million to support the development of obligation education in rural areas, which began in 2006.
China is currently the world’s second largest economy with a growth rate of 6.3 percent in 2023. Natural factors and economic factors are the two basic pillars of any country’s economy. Both factors exist in China, a vast country For example; China has 1,500 rivers and 8.5% of the world’s drinking water, and the world’s largest producer of electricity. The large population is another reason for the country’s economic growth. For example, there are more than 3,000 universities in the country and 40% of the total workforce in the country is students of these universities. China’s GDP has increased 10-fold in the past 30 years, making it the world’s second largest economy. China was even the first country to lend to the United States through financial bonds during the 2008 financial crisis. China is currently focused on developing science, technology and new advanced industries, according to a report by the US Embassy in China: China has a great potential in the field of scientific research, especially cell transplantation research scientific research on them.
What is the Silk Road?”
In the past, it was a transit line from north and west China to nearby Europe and Africa, through which extensive cultural, economic and political exchanges occurred between different nations and regions. The Silk Road was not just a road. It was a two-king winter and summer road that connected caravans east and west. All the countries and cities that followed this path would flourish with the revival and development of this trade. For 1,500 years, the Silk Road was a cultural and social route, affecting all the areas that became the route of the Silk Road.
“Types of Silk Road”
First; the land road, there is a Chinese saying that says: If you want to revive, you must first build your roads. China is trying to renew its road and railway network, which has an economic dimension. Trade between the two countries is expected to exceed $1 billion. The first route starts in China and extends through Siberia towards the Baltic Sea to Europe; the second route starts in central China to central Asia, Iran and the Arabian Peninsula and from there to Europe. The third route extends from China’s Sichuan region to Asia and India. It is connected by rail and carries more than 3 billion people.
Second, air is one of the goals of the belt and road connecting Asia, Africa and Europe. All means of transportation are available today. To this end, China built 144 airlines and domestic airlines. In this regard, it built eight airports at a cost of more than $367 million, for example, increasing the passenger capacity of Qingzhou Airport by 187% in the first half of 2018.
Third, waterways include the South China River, the Strait of Malacca, the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal and the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Sea and the Red Sea. To this end, China, along with many countries with waterways, is trying to use these ports and invest in many of them or help the country to repair and expand the port, or the countries themselves take the responsibility.
“Iraq is the main one road one belt road”
Iraq is located in the Middle East; the main route is a route to connect other belt and road routes, in addition to a gateway to the Mediterranean Sea, while the port of Basra connects both land and sea. The Ba’ath regime saw it as an opportunity to participate in the reconstruction of Iraq. For example, when the president visited China in 2007, China agreed to write off 80 percent of Iraq’s debts and signed more than 100 bonds amid China and Iraq which the second party was to implement them.
“Kurdistan and the Silk Road”
The revival of the old Silk Road project will have a great impact on the future of Kurdistan and is similar to the Baghdad-Berlin railway, because this project will make Kurdistan a city and a road to connect its secondary roads and the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea. Unfortunately, the name of Kurdistan is not mentioned in the belt and road project, because the project is planned in a wider geography than the borders of countries.
The Kurdistan Region is a strategic location for the project, because Chinese products have occupied most of the country’s market. Some of them are delivered to the Kurdistan Region through Bandar Abbas, Penjwen and Bashmakh. Some others from Dubai reaches Basra and then reaches Kurdistan by land.
