The study of the political environment geographically relies on surveying and analysis within a cartographic framework, and there are many tools and approaches to accomplish this task, and R. Hartshorne has four clearly distinct views or approaches. In the field of the idea of research and analysis of state special forces; it is the analysis of the units of political forces and their relationships with each other. These political units are determined in a particular place and their internal forms are influenced by the reality of their presence in a particular place, it examines form and finally the opinion of function depends on the functions that occur in political spaces.
Method of analysis: Analysis of political forces is a method used by geographers and non-geographers who study political subjects and some even consider geography as one of the sources of power in international relations. Proponents of this division define geographical structure as location size shape of the area of the state and the range of the three previous components offer it. After isolation or approach or contact with the global community, soil fertility and suitability for agriculture and agricultural production, climate impact on overall agricultural production, people’s hardiness and energy and ultimately the country’s natural resource reserves. Plus, this of course reflects a narrow view of geography as geographers usually do not see the geographic factor as a defining element of state power, as a geographically integrated approach to geopolitics evaluates geographical elements in relation to salient political phenomena.
Integrated geographical elements: Natural environment, many geographical elements are intertwined, above all the surface shape, climate, soil, natural vegetation, waterways and lakes, etc. Movement: The direction of movement of goods, people and movement of thought. Raw, manufactured and semi-finished materials: – These include materials and goods actually produced other than those anticipated to occur in the future, mineral discovery, agricultural and industrial research, expansion and general economic planning. Population: – A comprehensive demographic study in addition to qualitative and ideological characteristics of the people. Political Structure: The study of management systems and methods includes the real goals and ideals of governance, not just theoretical matters and internal and external political relations. There are many examples of the implementation of this list of integrated and hybrid geographic elements, and the following are a few. With regard to the natural environment, study the length of Norway’s coastline and their adaptation to rich thickness areas. the poverty of the Norwegian landmass, and the relevance of this set of elements to explain its effect on the orientation of Norway towards a nation dependent on thickness and marine life, and thus maritime trade and transport. To measure some forms of movement, you can learn about the extent of Cairo Radio’s transmission to Africa and its impact on the contemporary national movement on the continent or the television transmission war between East and West Germany and its direct impact on border populations. As for raw materials and commodities, for example, coal and iron in Western Europe can be measured in light of their best use in Western European countries as separate political units.
The Concept of Geographical Strategy
The term geostrategic consists of two terms, geo meaning land and stratege meaning strategy, but strategy does not refer to the old concept here, which refers to military planning in the field of implementation. It is defined as political, economic and military planning that relates to the natural environment in terms of its use in analyzing or understanding economic and political problems of an international character. Some thinkers argue that science emphasizes the study of the strategic location of the state and the extent to which it influences its relations with countries and determines its strength and position in peace and war from the region, the state is the main unit of analysis in geopolitics, while the region is the cultural construction unit of geostrategy. In practice, geopolitics examines the movement of the state in the region, while geostrategy examines its characteristics and extent of influence.
