“An Introduction to Historical Studies in Sociology and the Relationships between Sociology and History”
Since history is the scientific study of the past, this past can be political, economic, social, and even how individuals live in a particular society. If it used to be history as a concept and as a term, it was defined only as talking about the political life of leaders, wars and the past of nations, today, it has gone beyond the political aspect, but also includes the social and economic aspects. what we mean here is to find the relationship between sociology and history, or rather the importance of history What is sociology? Does an important science like sociology only deal with the social aspects of individuals and society today, or does it also pay attention to the historical aspects of society? To answer this question, one can resort to the opinions of sociologists and researchers in the field of political sociology.
Sociologists believe that most social studies are historical studies, because sociologists record events and things through their interaction with the environment and systems. The term historical sociology is used to study social facts and events that have occurred more than 50 years ago as a social facts which related to the events of the 19th century are considered historical facts, while we cannot consider contemporary social facts to the general elections as historical facts because they are related to the current era that society is experiencing. It should be noted that historical sociology is a specific type of comparative study of social groups, the study of their formation, relationships and social conditions. The social anthropologist studies the social groups of primitive and simple societies, while the historical sociologist studies the records of societies and their civilizations it studies social groups that have existed over a long period of time.
One of the most well-known sociologists says; we ask historians to help us in the difficult task they are undertaking. Their historical research is only a study related to the subject of change social and nothing else, subjects that expert scientists cannot investigate, but only sociologists can investigate the subject, which has a theoretical approach and there are many social facts that help him to investigate the problems of change and the changing structure of society. Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) is considered one of the most prominent writers and thinkers in the field of sociology in Islamic history in philosophy; he was a student of Ibn Rushd, one of the greatest materialist philosophers of literature. Ibn Khaldun during his time witnessed a number of political events that later influenced his thinking, including the destruction of the last Islamic state in Spain and the chaos in North Africa and in the east, the invasion of the Tatars of Timur Lang, Ibn Khaldun was one of the most important social historians. He argued that the actual purpose of history is to circumstance. To introduce us to human society, i.e. civilization, and to teach us all the phenomena related to civilization, such as foreign life, the balancing of traditions, the spirit of tribe and blood, the self-imposition of some Nations over others, which leads to the rise of empires and chains of kings, the differences in rank and professions, which people are engaged in as useful words, works, The sciences, the arts, and finally all the changes that may introduce the nature of things into social behavior.
History after the Enlightenment, the advancement of scientific research techniques, the emergence of many new scientific methods, access to secret documents in the palaces of kings, sultans and later leaders Politicians, commanders and prominent people, the ways of reaching the right conclusion about the historical events of the world, the state, tribes and families and their political and social role, has emerged from this, History is only a narrative of simple events, far from the causes of events, how they happened and the factors surrounding the event. If in the past, research focused more on public political events and their effects, but in the modern era, small things must be magnified in the light of the methods of historical research and their details must be subjected to the analysis of the factors that led to their formation.
If we look at the Kurdish political history, there is rare research on social events and the influence of social aspects on political events and the direction of events. The political life of the princes and rulers, the political life in the principalities, the events of war and military conflicts, etc., have been studied more, and the causes of life have been studied less.
Preparation by; Dr. Zhilwan Abdullah Haledni
